τολμάω

τολμάω impf. ἐτόλμων; fut. τολμήσω; 1 aor. ἐτόλμησα; pf. inf. τετολμηκέναι (Just., D. 133) (s. τόλμα; Hom.+) to show boldness or resolution in the face of danger, opposition, or a problem, dare, bring oneself to (do someth.)

ⓐ w. inf.

α. dare, have the courage, be brave enough ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ τάχα τις καὶ τολμᾷ ἀποθανεῖν Ro 5:7 (on being willing to die for a good man cp. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 346 D.; Vita Philonid. [s.v. τράχηλος]). Cp. Phil 1:14. Mostly used w. a neg. (TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 1 [Stone p. 66]; Jos., Ant. 20, 7 ἀντιλέγειν οὐκ ἐτόλμων; Just., A I, 19, 2 and D. 33, 1) οὐδὲ ἐτόλμησέν τις ἐπερωτῆσαι Mt 22:46. Cp. Mk 12:34; Lk 20:40; J 21:12; Ac 5:13. Μωϋσῆς οὐκ ἐτόλμα κατανοῆσαι Moses did not venture to look at (it) 7:32.

β. bring oneself, presume (Theognis 1, 377 Zeus brings himself to include sinners and upright in the same fate; ‘The Tragedy’ in Simplicius In Epict. p. 95, 42 τολμῶ κατειπεῖν=I do not hesitate to say plainly; Himerius, Or. 20, 3 λέγειν τ.; 3 Macc 3:21; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 12 [Stone p. 68]; TestJob 24, 7; Philo, Somn. 1, 54; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 318; Just., A I, 61, 11) τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων; can any of you bring yourself to go to law before the unrighteous? 1 Cor 6:1 (κρίνω 5aβ). W. a neg. (TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 1 [Stone p. 66]; GrBar 12:6; Just., A II, 3, 6 and D. 112, 4) οὐ τολμήσω τι λαλεῖν Ro 15:18. Cp. 2 Cor 10:12; Jd 9.

ⓑ abs. be courageous (Job 15:12) ἐν ᾧ ἄν τις τολμᾷ, … τολμῶ κἀγώ whatever anyone else dares to do, … I can bring myself (to do the same) 2 Cor 11:21. τολμῆσαι ἐπί τινα show courage or boldness toward or against someone (En 7:4) 10:2. τολμήσας εἰσῆλθεν he summoned up courage and went in Mk 15:43; GJs 24:2 (cp. Plut., Camillus 140 [22, 6] τολμήσας παρέστη).—DELG s.v. τόλμη. B. 1149. M-M. TW.